Introduction
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form, such as electricity, using wind turbines. Wind energy has historically been used directly to propel sailing ships or converted into mechanical energy for pumping water or grinding grain, but the principal application of wind power today is the generation of electricity. Large scale wind farms are typically connected to the local electric power transmission network, with smaller turbines being used to provide electricity to isolated locations. Utility companies increasingly buy back surplus electricity produced by small domestic turbines. Wind energy as a power source is favored by many environmentalists as an alternative to fossil fuels, as it is plentiful, renewable, widely distributed, cleans, and produces lower greenhouse gas emissions.
A wind turbine is a rotating machine which converts the kinetic energy in wind into mechanical energy. If the mechanical energy is used directly by machinery, such as a pump or grinding stones, the machine is usually called a windmill. If the mechanical energy is then converted to electricity, the machine is called a wind generator, wind turbine, wind power unit (WPU), wind energy converter (WEC), or aerogenerator.
Now the main drawback with using wind enrgy directly witout storage is that wind does not blows all the time, and usually blows when it’s least required i.e. during nights. So storing wind energy in batteries is a very novel idea for making wing energy reliable for industrial use.
How Wind Turbines are used
Installing a wind turbine is a bit more involved than installing solar panels, but they are still relatively easy to incorporate into your alternative energy system. The turbine needs to be mounted in an area free from obstructions to wind flow (nearby buildings, trees, etc.).
When installing the controls and wiring of a wind generator, it is important to understand two fundamentals:
Current Rectifiers: Wind generators do not produce DC electricity, so a device called a “rectifier” is used to convert the turbine’s output current to DC.
Some turbines have a rectifier built in. In most cases though, the rectifier is supplied as a separate component that must be installed between the wind turbine and the battery. Often, the rectifier is combined with a charge controller into one complete wind turbine control unit.
Load Diversion: Solar panels are “passive” electricity producers. Even though the sun is shining, they only produce electricity when a charge is needed by the battery. Wind generators are “active” electricity producers. If the wind is blowing, they will produce current whether the battery bank needs the charge or not. In order to prevent damage to the wind turbine, all of the electricity it produces must be “used” in some way.
A load diverting charge controller regulates wind generator output so your batteries receive charging current when they need it, and any excess electricity generated by the wind turbine is diverted to an alternate load when the batteries are fully charged.
Some wind turbines have charge control features built-in, diverting their own excess current and allowing it to dissipate as heat through the wind turbine housing. In most turbine systems however, the charge controller is an external unit, and while DC rectifiers are always included as part of a basic wind turbine package, the load diverting controller may not be.
Some load-diverting charge controllers come with a heat-sink resistor to attach as the diversion load. When the batteries reach full charge, the load-diverting controller will simply send electricity to this resistor, where the energy will be released as heat. Some wind turbines have diversion features built into the turbine body itself, and the turbine’s outer shell acts as a heat sink for the excess power. Many charge controllers allow you to use the diverted current for other uses, such as running a water heating coil, a ventilating fan or a space heating system, making the wind generator an even more useful and efficient source of power.
Once a load-diverting charge controller is attached between the wind turbine and the storage batteries, your electrical system can be connected to the batteries, either directly for a matching-voltage DC system, or through an inverter for an AC or mixed AC/DC system.
Types of Wind Generators
Wind turbines come in a range of output voltages, to match the overall voltage of your electrical system. While 12 volt is common for small to mid-sized systems, large systems can be designed in 24 or 48 volt configurations.
The primary consideration in a wind generator is the average wind speed at the installation site. A different turbine will give optimum performance at a site with average wind speeds below 15mph than one at a site with speeds in the low 20mph range. Generally, low speed generators will either have longer rotor blades or a larger number of short, wide blades to maximize power drawn from minimal wind. High speed generators may be built of more durable material, and will have narrow, relatively short blades to minimize potential rotor damage in extremely high winds.
Before choosing which type of turbine is best for a particular site, some sort of wind speed measurement should be taken for a few consecutive months (or ideally, a full year). With long term wind measurements an accurate average wind speed can be calculated, as well as determining likely maximum wind speeds. Armed with this information, a turbine can be chosen that will maximize performance at the average wind speed, as well as one that will withstand the likely maximum forces.
Batteries for Storing Wind energy
The picture here is a schematic of one of the sodium-
Sulfur batteries. “The battery is made up of twenty
50-kilowatt modules. It is roughly the size of two semi trailers
and weighs approximately 80 tons. The battery is able to
Store about 7.2 megawatt-hours of electricity, with a
charge/discharge capacity of one megawatt. When the
wind blows, the batteries are charged. When the wind calms
down, the batteries supplement the power flow.
Fully charged, the battery could power 500 homes for over 7 hours.” (Credit: Xcel Energy)
Hours. So where are these batteries coming from?
“The energy storage in question — a series of sodium-sulfur batteries from NGK Insulators, Ltd. — can store roughly seven megawatt-hours of power, meaning the 20 batteries are capable of delivering roughly one megawatt of electricity almost instantaneously, enough to power 500 average American homes for seven hours.
That removes one of the big hurdles to even broader adoption of wind power: so-called intermittency. In other words, the wind doesn’t always blow when you want it to, problem Remote places faced earlier when a drop in wind generation forced cuts in electricity delivery. But with battery backup, the 11-megawatt wind farm, can deliver a set amount of electricity at all times, making it more reliable or, in industry terms, base-load generation. Plus, the battery effectively doubles the wind farm’s output at any given moment—both the megawatt being produced by the wind farms itself (that would otherwise have gone to charging the battery) and the megawatt delivered by the battery.
Business Application
Cost
Wind Batteries cost 3 million $ per Megawatt
Wind Turbines cost around 2800$ to 4000$
Wind generators cost 1.5$/watt for more than 10000 Watt wind system
Till now Wind Batteries are expensive and so is the initial establishment for wind energy storage and use. But with the renewable use concept and 5-6 time charge discharge batteries and more improvement to come ,it is and excellent idea to invest .
Carbon Credits
Carbon Credits are certificates issued to countries that reduce their emission of GHG which causes global warming.
Carbon credits are measured in units of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs).Each CER is equivalent to one tonne of carbon dioxide reduction.
Countries can trade in the international carbon credit market. Countries with surplus credits can sell the same to countries with quantified emission limitation and reduction commitments under the Kyoto Protocol.
1 CER ≡ 1 M.T. of CO2 emissions
These allowances can be sold privately or in the international market at the prevailing market price. Each international transfer is validated by the UNFCCC. Climate exchanges have been established to provide a spot market in allowances, as well as F&O market to help discover a market price and maintain liquidity
Carbon prices are normally quoted in Euros per tonne of carbon dioxide or its equivalent (CO2e).The prices of 1 CER is around 15 Euros currently.
To trade in Carbon Credits many countries and big industrialists are interested to explore in pollution free investments in developing countries. Wind energy is in that way a very promising area of investment. With the voice against pollution and depletion of resources that eye coal depletion around 2050 and strict anti-pollution laws till 2020 employing wind energy storage set-up now would be fetching never stopping profits with least employment and power consumption.
Benefits of Wind Energy
Like solar power, a wind energy system is an entirely clean source of power. The only potentially hazardous materials involved are the storage batteries. Wind turbines produce no emissions, use no traditional fuel, and can provide reliable year-round power given the right location.
Wind generators require relatively little maintenance, but it is recommended that the generator receives annual visual check-ups to ensure the propeller blades haven’t been damaged. If the turbine is located in a good spot it’s very unlikely to be damaged by any flying debris, but a chipped or cracked blade can be a hazard should it break completely, and a chipped or damaged blade will also negatively affect the turbine’s performance.
Wind turbines are very useful in almost any marine or household electrical system. In marine use, the movement of the boat will raise enough breezes to get the generator turning even when actual winds are fairly low, making them an extremely reliable source of on-board power. For residential systems, wind power can be a wonderful source of power during low-light winter months and even year-round, depending on the site. They can also be configured to power dedicated water pumping systems, which may be of particular interest to individuals currently without running water.
For commercial and industrial use, wind turbines are particularly useful in rugged remote locations such as mountaintop repeater stations or offshore oil platforms. High elevation and offshore or seaside remote sites often have fairly high year-round wind current that will make the most of wind generation systems. Industrial grade wind generators are available to withstand the worst storm winds present at such sites.
Conclusion
With the increase in Global Wind market and increased power consumption the need to store renewable resource generated energy has greatly increased. Wind energy with it’s global availability and pollution free generation appeals for a recent investment. With special batteries designed to store wind energy it can now be used with reliability to provide household plus industrial power. Also wind energy is being used in sub-marines, off shore refineries and aeronautics. Inspiring only long term investments till date, wind energy promises to keep it safe from future years recession expected with petroleum and coal depletion.
With industrialists and government feeling socially responsible to contribute against global warming and pollution issues exploring ways to store wind energy serves all causes to the best.
References :
[1] http://blogs.zdnet.com/emergingtech/index.php?cat=9&submit=view
[2] http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=storing-the-breeze-new-battery-might-make-wind-power-reliable
[3] http://www.absak.com/library/wind-turbine-home-power
[4] http://www.scribd.com/search?cx=007890693382555206581%3A7fgc6et2hmk&cof=FORID%3A11&ie=UTF-8&c=all&q=storing+wind+energy&sa=Search#1349
Here I would like to thank Pranjal paliwal and Gaurav Agarwal to prepare this report.
Tuesday, May 5, 2009
Group Discussion
Definition:
The literal meaning of the word ‘discuss’ is ‘to talk about a subject in detail’. So group discussion may refer to a communicative situation that allows its participants to express views and opinions to other participants.
It is a systematic oral exchange of information, views, and opinions about a topic, issue, problem, or situation among members of a group who share certain common objectives.
But I think Group Discussion is like dissembling the topic into the different pros and cons and finally create strategy or take decision on the basis of those parts.
Different Scenario:
Group discussion term come in focus when we need to make a decision about any topic. There are two main scenarios which are important:
1. Group Discussion at the time of job: when the company have more candidates for limited job vacancies. They conduct GD to see the intellectual level of the candidate. There are several qualities which can be reflected by the GD e.g.: Communication skills, Leadership etc.
2. Group Discussion in the Company: when some company have an issue whether it is marketing related or company’s policy related, they call upon the decision takers and have a GD. By this discussion they come up with the pros and cons for that decision. Which help them to decide.
My Company:
Here I am taking the importance of Group Discussion in my own company for example, www.makemoneyabc.com.
As I mentioned before there are two main scenarios related to group discussion, now I will elaborate those two scenarios:
1. Screening employees:
If I am an owner of a company my first priority will be maximizing profit with available resources. And employee is the most important resource of its company. If employees are not skilled than they will not produce effective output, which is not good for a company. So as an owner I am looking forward for best professionals which can fit into their required job profile.
That’s why now a day, company as well as education institutes introduce the Group Discussion in their recruitment process.
a) Importance of GD:
In the recruitment scenario, As I have to decide the credibility and sincerity of the applicants. I need to go through some screening process but due to shortage of time we can’t interview each and everyone. So in short time of span we can judge more applicants.
b) Qualities which I am looking for:
As I mentioned earlier, as a good manager I am looking for following qualities in an employee:
- Team spirit
- Communication Skills
- Reasoning ability
- Grip on the topic
- Leadership
- Listening
- Creativity
I think first point to take decision is the knowledge of that topic, so if someone is speaking confidently and correct it shows his intelligence. Communication is also important factor as to convey your views you have to speak, and if you are not good in that whatever knowledgeable person no one cares. Applicant should be a good leader as he has to take care of the whole team’s views, creativity and good listening will help him to do so, as a good leader you have to come up with innovative ideas and lead the entire group to final decision, and yes, you have to be good listener because in a group discussion sometimes it helps you to give new points and based on the opponent’s view you can get more clear picture of the topic.
2. Decision Making on issues:
In the second scenario, suppose we need to take decision about a new product launch, so if as owner I take decision without consulting others about this decision then it may be possible that it can create a lot of problems to the future of the company, may be it can cause me a great loss, may be it can create a dispute in the company’s investors. So before taking any decision it is necessary to take the consideration of other’s views which can be easily accomplished by having a group discussion where I can invite top authorities and the expertise people of that people, this GD will lead me to have a list of all pros and cons related to that issue. On basis of that I can finally decide whether I should go for that option or not.
Important point for Good Group Discussion:
After discussing my company scenario, now I would like to put focus on few points which can lead you to be good in the GD:
- Prepare the topic: if you are aware of topic then before starting discussion do some homework on that topic, it will make you ahead of your competitor.
- Argue your point of view politely and convincingly: it is true that you have to make others convinced with your view but it doesn’t mean you will lose your temper and shouting on them, remember Attack the point not the person.
- Listen to others patiently: always give respect to other’s point of view, whenever someone speaking don’t interrupt in between his statement. Listening will also help you know understand the topic more clearly.
- Adjust/modify your own views: sometime you may find that other’s points are making your conventions more stronger, in that case try to adjust them so that you can link your views to others.
- Try to be Creative: if the discussion is getting hot due to the deadlock at a particular point, then try to introduce some new point which will lead the discussion out of that deadlock situation. This quality shows your leadership.
- Interrupt politely: whenever you are disagree with some one then interrupt him politely and put your point clearly.
- Make suggestions: you can also suggest others about their opinion, so that they can modify their views it shows that you are compatible in team.
Conclusion:
In the end of this report, what I can say about Group Discussion is, GD is a process to analyze something. It is a way which can give the exact reflection of a person, and also help you to have each and every aspect of the topic.
The literal meaning of the word ‘discuss’ is ‘to talk about a subject in detail’. So group discussion may refer to a communicative situation that allows its participants to express views and opinions to other participants.
It is a systematic oral exchange of information, views, and opinions about a topic, issue, problem, or situation among members of a group who share certain common objectives.
But I think Group Discussion is like dissembling the topic into the different pros and cons and finally create strategy or take decision on the basis of those parts.
Different Scenario:
Group discussion term come in focus when we need to make a decision about any topic. There are two main scenarios which are important:
1. Group Discussion at the time of job: when the company have more candidates for limited job vacancies. They conduct GD to see the intellectual level of the candidate. There are several qualities which can be reflected by the GD e.g.: Communication skills, Leadership etc.
2. Group Discussion in the Company: when some company have an issue whether it is marketing related or company’s policy related, they call upon the decision takers and have a GD. By this discussion they come up with the pros and cons for that decision. Which help them to decide.
My Company:
Here I am taking the importance of Group Discussion in my own company for example, www.makemoneyabc.com.
As I mentioned before there are two main scenarios related to group discussion, now I will elaborate those two scenarios:
1. Screening employees:
If I am an owner of a company my first priority will be maximizing profit with available resources. And employee is the most important resource of its company. If employees are not skilled than they will not produce effective output, which is not good for a company. So as an owner I am looking forward for best professionals which can fit into their required job profile.
That’s why now a day, company as well as education institutes introduce the Group Discussion in their recruitment process.
a) Importance of GD:
In the recruitment scenario, As I have to decide the credibility and sincerity of the applicants. I need to go through some screening process but due to shortage of time we can’t interview each and everyone. So in short time of span we can judge more applicants.
b) Qualities which I am looking for:
As I mentioned earlier, as a good manager I am looking for following qualities in an employee:
- Team spirit
- Communication Skills
- Reasoning ability
- Grip on the topic
- Leadership
- Listening
- Creativity
I think first point to take decision is the knowledge of that topic, so if someone is speaking confidently and correct it shows his intelligence. Communication is also important factor as to convey your views you have to speak, and if you are not good in that whatever knowledgeable person no one cares. Applicant should be a good leader as he has to take care of the whole team’s views, creativity and good listening will help him to do so, as a good leader you have to come up with innovative ideas and lead the entire group to final decision, and yes, you have to be good listener because in a group discussion sometimes it helps you to give new points and based on the opponent’s view you can get more clear picture of the topic.
2. Decision Making on issues:
In the second scenario, suppose we need to take decision about a new product launch, so if as owner I take decision without consulting others about this decision then it may be possible that it can create a lot of problems to the future of the company, may be it can cause me a great loss, may be it can create a dispute in the company’s investors. So before taking any decision it is necessary to take the consideration of other’s views which can be easily accomplished by having a group discussion where I can invite top authorities and the expertise people of that people, this GD will lead me to have a list of all pros and cons related to that issue. On basis of that I can finally decide whether I should go for that option or not.
Important point for Good Group Discussion:
After discussing my company scenario, now I would like to put focus on few points which can lead you to be good in the GD:
- Prepare the topic: if you are aware of topic then before starting discussion do some homework on that topic, it will make you ahead of your competitor.
- Argue your point of view politely and convincingly: it is true that you have to make others convinced with your view but it doesn’t mean you will lose your temper and shouting on them, remember Attack the point not the person.
- Listen to others patiently: always give respect to other’s point of view, whenever someone speaking don’t interrupt in between his statement. Listening will also help you know understand the topic more clearly.
- Adjust/modify your own views: sometime you may find that other’s points are making your conventions more stronger, in that case try to adjust them so that you can link your views to others.
- Try to be Creative: if the discussion is getting hot due to the deadlock at a particular point, then try to introduce some new point which will lead the discussion out of that deadlock situation. This quality shows your leadership.
- Interrupt politely: whenever you are disagree with some one then interrupt him politely and put your point clearly.
- Make suggestions: you can also suggest others about their opinion, so that they can modify their views it shows that you are compatible in team.
Conclusion:
In the end of this report, what I can say about Group Discussion is, GD is a process to analyze something. It is a way which can give the exact reflection of a person, and also help you to have each and every aspect of the topic.
Some Exciting Search Engines
Hi,
I think like most of the world I am also big fan of the Google for searching.But there are many others Search engine which are quite interesting in the way they search something. Most significant way in my opinion which I am going to tell is based on the ‘Clustering’. I know it may be new term to some of you, Basically Clustering is a technique to manage data in groups on the basis of their common properties.
So these Search engines are :
1. http://www.clusty.com
2. http://www.kartoo.com/
3. http://mooter.com/
4. http://touchgraph.com
Some of them not only cluster them but also visualize the data. which helps you to get more information on the very first page.while thouchgraph.com give you option to advance search which refines the result of the query very well.
I like to thank My batchmate Rohit agarwal for this valuable information.
I think like most of the world I am also big fan of the Google for searching.But there are many others Search engine which are quite interesting in the way they search something. Most significant way in my opinion which I am going to tell is based on the ‘Clustering’. I know it may be new term to some of you, Basically Clustering is a technique to manage data in groups on the basis of their common properties.
So these Search engines are :
1. http://www.clusty.com
2. http://www.kartoo.com/
3. http://mooter.com/
4. http://touchgraph.com
Some of them not only cluster them but also visualize the data. which helps you to get more information on the very first page.while thouchgraph.com give you option to advance search which refines the result of the query very well.
I like to thank My batchmate Rohit agarwal for this valuable information.
Minimum and Maximum Ethernet Frame Size
This blog has been moved to algo.rahulblogs.com
For this post please go to
http://algo.rahulblogs.com/2009/05/minimum-and-maximum-ethernet-frame-size/
Youtube Downloader
Hey
When I just entered in the college and start exploring the Internet, the most of my time I was used to watch the videos online on Youtube (Thanks for Google to make it so popular). That time I was finding some software so that I can download them, Then Mozilla Firefox come up with the Solution. that is, “Downloadhelper” A single plugin which can download any video from most of the video hosting site for you without any other software.
And it realy helped me lot, yeah some people don’t like to use flv player to play them.(As they are in flv format). So the vlc player(8.0 +) is the solution for any kind of format. so use it and have chill. Open for comments.
When I just entered in the college and start exploring the Internet, the most of my time I was used to watch the videos online on Youtube (Thanks for Google to make it so popular). That time I was finding some software so that I can download them, Then Mozilla Firefox come up with the Solution. that is, “Downloadhelper” A single plugin which can download any video from most of the video hosting site for you without any other software.
And it realy helped me lot, yeah some people don’t like to use flv player to play them.(As they are in flv format). So the vlc player(8.0 +) is the solution for any kind of format. so use it and have chill. Open for comments.
Online Stroage
Hi All
I know may be many of you using the online storage for your files, Pictures. Here I am suggesting the Ultimate Online storage that is provided by the Windows, that is Windows skydrive. It’s key features are:
1. 25 GB Space. ( I think this is incomparable :) ).
2. Anywhere Access
3. Password protected ( Not like other social sites)
4. just drag and drop feature to move your files.
I hope you will find it worthy. Here I would like to mention GDrive ( Gmail’s online Storage), but it is providing 2 GB space. I think Google need more storage to win this war against Windows. Keep Reading. Your comments are awaited.
I know may be many of you using the online storage for your files, Pictures. Here I am suggesting the Ultimate Online storage that is provided by the Windows, that is Windows skydrive. It’s key features are:
1. 25 GB Space. ( I think this is incomparable :) ).
2. Anywhere Access
3. Password protected ( Not like other social sites)
4. just drag and drop feature to move your files.
I hope you will find it worthy. Here I would like to mention GDrive ( Gmail’s online Storage), but it is providing 2 GB space. I think Google need more storage to win this war against Windows. Keep Reading. Your comments are awaited.
Burn Autorun CD
Hi All,
If you want to Burn the files with Autorun feature, Here are few steps to do so :
1) Open the Notepad
2) Write: [autorun]
OPEN=INSTALL\aaa.EXE
ICON=INSTALL\aaa.EXE
Now save it as aaa.inf file.
But remember! most of setups have .exe as an extension but some of them have .msi extension. So you have to modify the OPEN and ICON tag according to that.
3) Now burn your CD with the aaa.inf file included.
That’s it your CD is ready.
If oyu have any other query, mail me at rahul.lnmiit@gmail.com.
If you want to Burn the files with Autorun feature, Here are few steps to do so :
1) Open the Notepad
2) Write: [autorun]
OPEN=INSTALL\aaa.EXE
ICON=INSTALL\aaa.EXE
Now save it as aaa.inf file.
But remember! most of setups have .exe as an extension but some of them have .msi extension. So you have to modify the OPEN and ICON tag according to that.
3) Now burn your CD with the aaa.inf file included.
That’s it your CD is ready.
If oyu have any other query, mail me at rahul.lnmiit@gmail.com.
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